Argument and discursive writing

An argument (a persuasive essay) argues for one side of an issue. A discursive essay weighs up both sides fairly and then reaches a conclusion. Both need a clear structure, evidence and formal language.

Key facts

  • Introduction: present the issue and give your view in a clear thesis statement: ⟦Schools should start later because teenagers need more sleep.⟧
  • Main paragraphs: one point each, backed up with evidence or an example, then explain why it matters.
  • Counter-argument and rebuttal: show what people who disagree would say (⟦Some argue that…⟧), then answer it (⟦However, …⟧). This makes your argument stronger.
  • Conclusion: sum up the main points and give your final view. In a discursive essay, say which side you find stronger and why.
  • Connectives guide the reader: ⟦firstly⟧, ⟦furthermore⟧, ⟦moreover⟧ add points; ⟦however⟧, ⟦on the other hand⟧, ⟦nevertheless⟧ bring in the other side; ⟦in conclusion⟧, ⟦to sum up⟧ end the essay.

Worked examples

Example 1

Argument or discursive? ⟦Homework helps pupils practise. On the other hand, too much of it can leave them stressed. A sensible amount may be the answer.⟧

  1. The paragraph gives a point for homework and a point against it.
  2. It ends with a balanced view, so it is discursive.

Answer: discursive: both sides

Example 2

Choose the best connective: ⟦Uniforms save money. ___, some pupils find them uncomfortable.⟧

  1. The second sentence gives the other side.
  2. A contrast connective fits: ⟦However⟧.

Answer: ⟦However⟧

Example 3

Put the parts of an argument in order: conclusion, counter-argument, introduction, point with evidence, rebuttal.

  1. Open with the issue and your view, then give your points.
  2. Bring in the other side and answer it, then end with the conclusion.

Answer: introduction, point with evidence, counter-argument, rebuttal, conclusion